In this paper, an elementary mathematical model describing the introduction of a universal Neck basic income in a closed market society is constructed.The model is formulated in terms of a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations, each of which gives account of how the number of individuals in a certain income class changes in time.Socie

Hospital malnutrition, particularly disease-related malnutrition (DRM), is a significant public health concern associated with increased morbidity, mortality and costs.The recent Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) proposed a framework to globally standardise the diagnosis of adult malnutrition (undernutrition), allowing comparison

Neuropsychological and functional MRI data suggest that two functionally and anatomically dissociable streams of visual processing exist: a ventral perception-related stream and a dorsal action-related stream.However, relatively little is known about how the two streams interact in the intact brain during the production of adaptive behavior.Using f

Abstract Tri-level optimization problems are optimization problems with Plaid Bow three nested hierarchical structures, where in most cases conflicting objectives are set at each level of hierarchy.Such problems are common in management, engineering designs and in decision making situations in general, and are known to be strongly NP-hard.Existing